M: For over 200 years. Citi Private Bank has supported Progress Makers and their ideas, recognizing the powerful role they play in business and in their communities. As the leading global bank, Citi engages in a number of leadership development programs at all levels of the organization. The first such partnership is with Know Your Value, a program that explores how female aspiring leaders can get their worth at work and create the lives they want along the way, and will be hosted in five U.S. cities in 2017 including Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., Chicago, Boston, and Orlando. Here in the studio we have Ida Liu, Managing Director, Citi Private Bank Head of North America Asian Clients Group, Ida, would you describe “Know Your Value” moment in your career?
W: Well, I started my career in mergers and acquisitions investment banking focused on the Technology, Media and Telecommunication industries. After almost seven years in investment banking, I made a huge career switch and moved into the fashion industry. I ran a women's fashion design company and during my time in the fashion industry, every fashion designer would ask me “What stocks should I buy? What bonds should I buy? How should I invest my wealth?” I had an A-HA moment where I discovered a void in the marketplace for wealth management solutions to the fashion industry. I put together a business plan and pitched the concept to Citi Private Bank and joined Citi almost 10 years as the Head of the Fashion, Retail and Entertainment practice a business that we built rapidly and successfully.
Both times, when I switched direction in my career, I was taking a risk and stepping out of my comfort zone -- from investment banking to fashion and from fashion to private banking. But both career moves were certainly “Know Your Value” moments.
Two takeaways from those “Know Your Value” moments were that you always have to ask for what you want -- if you don't ask, you won't get it! And to be willing to take risks, step outside of your comfort zone and think outside the box.
M: Of ten times we need to take risks to succeed. What are your suggestions for getting back on track after a failure?
W: We won't be well rounded professionals if we always succeed and never experience setbacks. Failures are opportunities to develop, learn and grow. View them that way and don't be hard on yourself. Remember, we are all human and everyone makes mistakes. It's how we deal with the mistakes and failures that distinguish leaders from the rest.
M: What are you reading now?
W: I read two books recently -- One is Knowing Your Value by Mika Brzezinski. The other is The Confidence Code referenced earlier. I was on a panel with Katty and interviewed by Mika for her “Know Your Value” conference sponsored by NBC in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. I read the books to prepare for the panel and they are full of solid and excellent advice for women. The key takeaways from the books were: own your success and don't be apologetic for it and always be confident.
M: Last question, what one thing would you recommend to professional women entering the work force?
W: I would encourage everyone to get involved with their communities and the causes they love, or participate in company sponsored networks, if they have them available as we do at Citi. As you know, I am actively involved with Citi Women, our company -- wide effort that you work closely with, that is designed to attract, develop, advance and retain female talent at all levels of the company. Through our initiatives, we seek to unlock the combined potential of women and Citi. As part of Citi Women, we have several programs that target high -- performing female managers and executives, which have successfully supported women's advancement and retention at Citi. These programs demonstrate the importance of sponsorship, mentoring and networking opportunities in advancing women's careers.
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1703 - University
关于美国高校发展史。
Good morning folks. Today's lecture is about the development of higher education in the United States. First, a brief introduction.
Before the 1850's, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students. Memorization, submission and authority were all emphasized in the instruction and the curiculum.
Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In Germany a university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800's, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of venerable colleges -- Harvard, Yale, Columbia -- and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that anniversity was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher--scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor's own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., originally an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research.
At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered and introduced the elective system, so that university students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal of modern universities was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. They were paying close heed to the practical needs of society as well as training men and women to work at its tasks. For instance, our students were taught how to fix a faucet, mend a broken furnace and dissemble a gasoline engine to pieces. Although engineering students became the most characteristic of the new regime, university students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers. In a word, modern universities in America were more closely connected with our community, our society and our people's lives. They were institutions that provided a more utilitarian education, and at the same time transmitted for average American citizens the culture that our society required for entrance into the middle class.
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1703 - Mass Media
Thirty years ago, if you heard the words “mass media”, you probably immediately thought of television, newspapers, magazines, and the radio. But today, if you made a list of the mass media you use, you would have to add newer technologies such as cable, satellite TV, PDAs or personal digital assistants, and the Internet. In today's world, we are surrounded by technology that allows us to communicate with others. And of course, technology has brought us some wonderful things, and I personally wouldn't want to live without it. But all these new advances bring us dangers that we should be aware of. Let's begin by discussing first three of these dangers: violence, passivity, and addiction.
There's a lot of violence in TV shows, and many people worry about its effect on us. For example, almost every home in the United States has a color television, and according to a recent study, TV is in the average household for seven hours and thirty-seven minutes every day. And many people are afraid that children and adolescents are especially susceptible to this violence. It was reported a few years ago that a young boy jumped out of a window after seeing a superhero do the same thing on TV while chasing an enemy.
In addition to making us violent, TV can also make us passive. You've probably heard the term “couch potato”. It refers to a person who daydreams for hours in front of the TV. When we are in this passive state, we may not be able to distinguish between fantasy and reality and we may make bad decisions about important things in our lives.
Third, using the media can become very addictive. For example, how many Internet users can say that they quickly go online, find what they need, and get off again? That's just not the case for most of us, who wander through cyberspace, clicking here and there and wasting a lot of time in the process. If you check your e-mail more than three or four times a day, you might want to ask yourself if you really need all that communication. And cellphones -- which these days can be used to go online and for WeChat and so on -- are highly addictive, as well. How many of us can say that we can do without the cell phones for one day?
And then, there is the fourth danger, i.e. the increase in advertising. You see, the media is not only interested in providing information or entertainment, but also selling space or time to advertisers. You used to be able to enjoy a TV show, or relax and read a magazine, and there wasn't too much advertising. Now, however, it seems that advertising is the main goal. The content of a TV program or a magazine is just an excuse, or a kind of wrapping, for the advertising.
0n TV, of course, we're used to being bombarded by endless commercial every eight minutes. Many of us use our remote control to zap out the advertising with the “mute button, or simply channel surf to find some place we can escape from the ads. But the advertisers have found many ways to get their message across to you, anyway. They use what is called “product placement”, which means that they can put example, the hero of the show might be drinking a particular soft drink, like Coca-Cola or Dr.Pepper. Or he might be wearing a pair of shoes with the name Nike or Adidas. You can't escape from this form of advertising unless you just turn off your set.
The problem is not just that we are being bombarded with advertising, but that the media is invading our privacy. Advertisers are more and more interested in getting private information about individuals. Every time you use your credit card, you're giving away information about yourself. Advertisers have the ability to gather statistical data about people like you: potential consumers. Think about this for a moment: Have you ever gotten junk mail from a company you never heard of? Where did they get your address? Have you ever gotten a phone call during dinner from some company trying to sell you something? Where did they get your telephone number? Well, information about you can be compiled and sold to other companies. And advertisers can study what you buy, where you buy it, and how much of it you buy, and figure out the best way to make you buy more! On the Internet, many websites are working extra hard to collect information about you. You can be tracked if you make a few visits to any website, and the data can be used to learn more about your habits, interests, and other behavior.
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