发表时间：2023.08.31     作者：Jingyi     来源：ShoelessCai     阅读：335

翻译由 Jingyi 完成，由百度翻译校对。

01 彭博新闻翻译

美国通胀缩减法案和药品价格

美国大概是世界上药品最贵的国家。因此本周二，联邦政府采取历史性的措施，将药品价格提上议事日程（rein them in）。这些制药企业，例如BMS（Bristol-Myers Squibb）、强生，或者Eli Lily，已然成为第一目标，即白宫方面试图使用新政策工具的第一目标，该政策针对医药行业，更确切地说，应该是行业议价能力，而这一点事关650万年长人士切身利益。多年以来，政府是被禁止在药品方面议价的，尽管行业利润一直在飞涨。现在，拜登总统正在广泛推行《通胀缩减法案》，强制将药企置于谈判桌对面，尽管大药企会起诉政府以反对该法案。如果该法案不通过，首批被这些药企通过的药品每年会占据160亿美元的政府支出，包括BMS的抗血凝剂Eliquis，Pfizer，以及药品清单上最便宜的药物。

自从新冠疫情限制中灾难性地重新开放以来，中国经济一直在努力复苏，通过加强一项紧急措施，这项措施很可能在影子银行、地方债券、房地产的危机中收紧。现在，中国最大的银行正准备缩减利率，主要是现存的按揭贷款，或者本周下半周的储蓄利率，这是最近的用于加强经济增长的措施（shore up growth）。这是中国官方要求刺激消费措施的其中一部分，驱动更多资金进入股市，同时缓解贷款人利润边际的压力。

克林姆宫（Kremlin）方面，普京正在计划10月访华。这是首次海外访问，自从国际法庭出具一项判决之后，这项判决涉及其在对乌克兰战争中逮捕罪犯事件。普京访华消息传出之前，另一则新闻，关于美国方面宣称将进一步投入 2.5亿美元来帮助基辅（Kyiv, capital of Ukraine）的事宜对外宣布，该项宣称被认为将会减缓乌克兰对其东南方反击（counteroffensive）的进程。

虚拟货币本周二获得主要胜利，比特币价格飙升了 7%。在华盛顿的美国上诉院（US Court of Appeals）的一个三人评审团专家组（a three-judge panel）推翻一项监管采取的决议（overturn a decision），进而封锁了 Grayscal 交易基金，其标的是比特币交易价格。比特币行业，依然被美国证监会仔细审查，看多（long viewed）基于虚拟币本身的 ETF ，并非看多未来，而更像是不错的里程碑。这些规则将新兴行业带到悬崖边上（brings the nascent industry to the precipice），其他资产是从每天投资者投到行业中的流动的数百万美元的安全资产（...of tapping billions of dollars from ...）。

美国房地产一团糟。利率上涨超 7%，交易很快就冷下来了，上周贷款申请跌至最低水平，在近30年来。然而，很多卖家却害怕被利率所捆绑，在下一波上涨（这里可能指的是，因为利率上涨反而不想购买）。行业收紧的存货，使得地产行业下行的典型现象呈现相反态势：即便销量下降了，价格还在涨。

美国释放的工作岗位数量比预期低，该现象显示劳动力市场热度在放缓，随着联邦储备准备经济软着陆。工作岗位减少是华尔街预测的关键因素，预测经过一年多的加息（rate hikes）之后，经济可以温和回落，因为这些加息长期具有抑制通胀作用（have gone long way to tame inflation）。联储主席鲍威尔上周建议，如果劳动力市场持续放缓，通胀将持续下行。

金融界顶级人士的竞争，到达新的顶峰。行业大本营支付实习工资约为 1.9万美元每个月，遴选出数学天才和编程怪咖（coding whizzes）加入顶级人才项目。

弗洛里达西海岸正在拥抱飓风 Idalia，预期周三登陆，被归为三级风暴。海水被推向海岸的部分，可能高达15英尺，Tampa 北部的海岸，Tampa Bay 海水可能高达 7 英尺。该地区大面积地区被通知要疏散。

02 彭博推送原文

通胀缩减法案

The US has the highest drug prices in the world. So on Tuesday, the federal government took a first historic step to rein them in. Medicines made by massive pharmaceutical companies such as Bristol-Myers Squibb, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly became the first targets of the White House’s campaign to leverage a new tool against the industry: the negotiating power of Medicare, the healthcare safety net for roughly 65 million senior citizens. For years, the government has been barred from bargaining over drug prices as the industry’s profits soared. But now, President Joe Biden’s sprawling Inflation Reduction Act has mandated that drug companies come to the table (though Big Pharma is of course suing to block the law). Litigation notwithstanding, the first group of drugs named by the administration includes Eliquis, the blockbuster blood thinner by Bristol-Myers and Pfizer and the costliest on Medicare’s list, accounting for $16 billion of spending in just one year.

今日要闻

China’s economy has struggled to recover since its catastrophic reopening from Covid restrictions, a sudden move to lift precautions that likely killed millions as the economy buckled under crises in shadow banking, local debt and real estate. Now, China’s largest banks are preparing to cut interest rates on existing mortgages and deposits later this week, the latest measure to shore up growth. The move is part of a push by Chinese to spur consumer spending, drive more funds into the stock market and alleviate pressure on lenders’ profit margins.

Kremlin leader Vladimir Putin is said to be planning a trip to China in October. It will be his first foreign trip since the International Criminal Court issued a warrant for his arrest for war crimes tied to his war on Ukraine. News of the visit comes as the US announces another $250 million in aid to Kyiv, which has said it is making slow progress in a counteroffensive in the nation’s southeast.

Cryptocurrencies were handed a major victory Tuesday, sending Bitcoin prices surging 7%. A three-judge panel of the US Court of Appeals in Washington overturned a decision by regulators to block Grayscale’s exchange-traded fund tied to Bitcoin’s price. The crypto industry, which has been under scrutiny by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, has long viewed the launch of an ETF based on the cryptocurrency itself—rather than futures—as a significant milestone. The ruling brings the nascent industry to the precipice of tapping billions of dollars from everyday investors.

The US housing market is a mess. As rates surge past 7%, deals are cooling fast—loan applications for purchases fell last week to their lowest level in almost three decades. Many buyers are nevertheless locking in rates now for fear of getting caught in the next upsurge. And tight inventory is bringing the opposite of what typically happens in a real estate downturn: Even as sales fall, prices are climbing.

US job openings fell more than expected, offering fresh evidence that labor demand is slowing down as the Federal Reserve aims for an economic soft landing. The falling number of openings has been key to Wall Street hopes that the US will gently touch down following more than a year of rate hikes that have gone a long way to tame inflation. Fed Chair Jerome Powell suggested last week that, should the labor market continue to loosen, inflation will continue its downward path.

Competition for top-tier talent in finance has hit a new extreme. Citadel is paying its interns over $19,000 a month, tapping math geniuses and coding whizzes to join its most elite program.

Florida’s west coast is bracing for Hurricane Idalia, which is expected to make landfall Wednesday as a Category 3 storm. Up to 15 feet of sea water could be pushed onshore north of Tampa and water in Tampa Bay could rise as much as 7 feet. A large swath of the state is under evacuation orders.

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