彭博推送 | 纽约某地区开始对堵车进行定价了！
主要百度翻译。
01 纽约某地区开始对堵车进行定价了！
上周，一项向穿越曼哈顿交通最拥堵地区的司机收费的计划向前推进。劳拉·布利斯（Laura Bliss）写了一篇关于它将实现目标的谨慎乐观的文章。另外：这是我们“病毒式传播”系列的最新内容，还有一个你可能错过的关于庇护法院的故事。如果此电子邮件已转发给您，请单击此处注册。
一项向司机收费业务开始了，因为很多车会经过最拥挤的部分，在曼哈顿地区，这项举措上周开始执行。Laura Bliss 写了点谨慎乐观的观点，即这项法案将达到目的。加之：最近一项广为流传的系列事情，关于庇护法院的事情，你可能错过了。
当纽约政府官员 Kathy Hochul 宣称，重新开始讨论拥堵收费的时候，也就是这个月，环保主义者及交通倡导者，也是非常谨慎地庆贺。终于，这座发明以下术语的城市，“僵局（gridlock）”，最终将会获得解决（key），由于 10 年来，都是“在建”这样的系统（decades-in-the-making-system），使得司机能够通行进入曼哈顿，在第 60 号大街，这是全世界最拥堵的地方之一。Hochul 有一项 9 美元计划，这是修订版，原来是 15 美元计划，但是她之前终止了，9 美元计划于 1 月份预期开展 —— 如果能够通过法律，以及未来能避免政治雷区。
asylum courts 庇护法院
transportation advocates 交通倡导者
at long last 终于
gridlock 僵局，交通大堵塞
toll 伤亡人数，通行费
这个危险，一部分来自于 Hochul 的工作。多年之后，口头上讨论拥堵收费问题，她 6 月推动计划，也就是生效前几个月。她的关注，她说到，也就是工人阶级上下班的人。但是，经过 11 个小时的决定，很多人认为这是一种政治算计，Hochul 团队民主党，面临激烈的竞争，在郊区的房子里，这个地方拥堵收费是非常不受欢迎的（尽管，并非必然地无法负担，平均而言，通勤之人且住在城市之外的，每年年薪大约 14 万美元）。这项举措，激怒了组织者，这个人已然为该计划战斗许久，遗留了一个问题，即 150 亿美元的敞口，据说是为了国际大都市的交通准备的，专门用于应急（ badly needed）公共交通改善。
peril 危险
commuter 上下班通勤的人
earmarked 指定用途
minefield 雷区
在选举之后，民主党重新获得 3 个席位，Hochul 重新扳回局面，重新开启了通行费，降低了司机 40% 的成本。但是，有多个法律挑战，包括一项来自新泽西的官员 Phil Murphy 的，仍然能阻止计划 —— 特别是在法庭能够推动总统选举班子的时候，特朗普已然承诺，要消除他第一周上任的一些计划。“她有些把我们推向悬崖，” Charles Komanoff 说到，这人是政策分析师，长期以来倡导拥堵收费的，他非常努力地研究影响。“我们在庆祝，但是，这像一只手庆祝一样。”
precipice 悬崖
假设真的前进了，Hochul 修订计划，可能带来大多数的好处，主要来自于一项她停止的级豪华，Komanoff 以及其他支持者说到。依据他的分析，要求司机支付 9 美元（这个价格足以抑制很多旅行），会提示交通是速度，在交通拥堵收费区域，短期计算是 5.5%，是减少的，原来 15 美元计划是 8.9%。但是，Hochul 计划并未停止在 9 美元，很可能上升到 12 美元，取决于 2028 年的汽车数量，2031 年可能到 15 美元。考虑到通行费上涨，也考虑到公共投资的转移，Komanoff 估计曼哈顿将要逐渐见证一项 15.7% 速度提升。这是一开始的计划，只是现在可能会需要更久的时间。新计划也期待资助 150 亿美元 MTA 资本增加，当地法律这么说到。
Factoring in rising tolls 考虑到通行费上涨，……
这是对百万使用公共交通的人来讲的好消息，更不用说司机了，他们想要省时间，也是其他美国城市，长久以来考虑自己的拥堵收费计划，等待纽约纵身一跃去尝试。但是，一些交通专家担忧 Hochul 的翻转可能仍然伤到通勤者，展现在其他地方。延缓拥堵收费的实施，仅仅通过通货膨胀，就能购买更贵的交通工具。Eric Goldwyn 说到，项目总监在 Marron 城市管理系，纽约大学，这人研究成本结构。价格可能进一步提升，如果分包商出价格犹豫的话，主要是犹豫副本（associated projects)，或者想出更高价格，因其不稳定的政治局面围绕着拥堵这件事情。以及，特朗普如果能够要回联邦基金所有权，来支持他的项目的话，未来气候也未定，MTA 是否仍然能够覆盖其成本。“我并不知道这些如何全部起作用”Goldwyn 说到，“有些人能轻易炮制场景，制造出更加忙碌，至少比起我们现在来说。”
mull 仔细考虑，长时间考虑
flip-flopping 翻转
claw back 夺回财产权
concoct 炮制
hectic 忙碌的
02 简要新闻
1.特朗普任用华尔街资深人士 Scott Bessent 管理财政， 美元下跌，美国政府债券反弹
2.以色列驻美国大使表示，以色列可能几天之后，将与黎巴嫩真主党达成停火协议
3.七国集团，准备对中国施压，关于支持俄罗斯的事情
rally 聚集；反败为胜。这是两个含义。
03 小微企业正吸引着抖音
2020 年 8 月，Tracie Campbell 以及 Adrienne Nappi 正准备关闭他们在纽约布鲁克林 Charm 地区的业务。经过 10 年，他们持续出售“做你自己”串珠手镯、项链、耳环，价格约 35 至 75 美刀，在 Williamsburg，在曼哈顿 Chelsea Market 还有摊位。他们疫情期间也是营业的。流量少了，现在也没有精力了。他们宣布关闭业务，Ins 账户也关了。
beaded bracelets 串珠手镯
Foot traffic was down, and they were burnt out. 流量少了，现在也没有精力了。
一开始，销量大约每天 10 个人，在他们布鲁克林旗舰店。但是，一周之后，店忽然客流量增加了 5-10 倍。正如所料，Marc Sebastian 一位模特以及时尚人士，他每天在抖音上出售 200 万朵花，他放了段视频，在他走到店里的时候，这家店供顾客选择由店主挂着的各种吉祥饰品。“他们有各种珠子，吉祥物，贝壳，水晶，任何你能想到的”他在视频里写道，这个视频有 17万观看者，以及受到几乎 5 万点赞。“如果你在纽约，去支持小微企业吧！他们都被疫情耽误了！”
charms 吉祥饰物
这个财政加码，以及网上销售，足以让 Campbell 和 Nappi 勉强度过好几个月，在关闭两个门店之后。但是，这并非最后一次，他们会因为网红植入广告而受益。
to get by 勉强度日
抖音视频已然救了布鲁克林好几家吉祥饰品门店，使得其免于破产。然后他们制造了一种珠宝视觉冲击。Julia 媒体写道，吉祥饰品店正在越来越流行。
from going out of business 使其免于破产
Then they created a jewelry sensation 然后他们制造了一种珠宝视觉冲击。
04 ICYMI：In Case You Miss It 怕你万一错过了
美国总统大选是使得 11 月所有事件都黯然失色的事情。本周，我们回顾一些商周出版过的事情，可能错过的。故事由 Michael Riley 写的，是 Courting Injustice 系列的 第三集，这个系列揭示了美国移民法庭拒绝了很多值得被庇护的人的听证会。全世界改革措施，显示了如何成立一个不起作用的系统，无论在效率还是在公平上。
eclipsed 黯然失色，相形见绌
deserving asylum-seekers 值得被庇护的人
2022 年夏天后半段，一群人，大约 30 个海地人到达波兰国际机场，不知去哪里。
他们是第一批移民，总人数的多达 4 万人，这些人那时候来到 Oregon，一时兴起出乎意料的波澜，触发了美国紧急回应。官方很快转移到 Ramada Inn，一家机场附近的小酒馆，直接进入了数百名新来者的生活区，私人援助组织，通过捐赠几箱肥皂、香波、除臭剂，也参与了其中。
Haitians 海地人
living quarters for hundreds of new arrivals 数百名新来者的生活区
chip in 参与其中
新来者创造了不同的问题，主要 Stephen Manning 解决，他是 Innovation Law Lab 创始人，这个组织是 Oregon 最大的移民法律援助组织之一。
即便有 18 个律师，该组织仍然远不及另一件事情紧急，即帮助数以千计的移民，忽然要归档庇护的人员。为了做到这些，他们必须正式声称，他们面临检察官起诉，在他们的祖国，仍然会他们将在移民法庭支持那样的声称。“Oregon 实际合法移民人数，这个州是庇护的人，以及除去武器的专业人士，共计 98 人。” Manning 说到，“更细节地，每个人中有 0.002 个律师，他们也需要庇护。”
file for asylum 归入庇护人员
had nowhere near 远不及……
因此，Manning 团队建立是自由庇护场所，每周摆摊 3 次。参与者获得快速的美国庇护法律的介绍，以及个人面试，来识别复杂案件。整个过程，通常需要 5 小时。然后，申请者拿着文件，一直走到怀特联邦大楼，也就距离这里 10 个街区。
the Edith Green-Wendell Wyatt Federal Building 怀特联邦大楼。这个名字是英国著名诗人、外交家。
法律庇护所允许几百人，在这里开启他们在美国新生活的流程。但是，他们也反映了这个国家比较残破的移民系统。随着美国限制几乎所有其他合法途径，关于来到以及呆在这个国家，创纪录的人，转向了还剩的最佳选择：宣称庇护，即便他们的案件并不足以申请，或者被发现不可信。
数千名海地人被遣返，点击阅读《
数千名海地移民被遣返，美海地问题特使请辞：政策存严重缺陷》。
01 NYC gets somewhere with congestion pricing
A plan to charge drivers for traveling through the most traffic-clogged parts of Manhattan moved forward last week. Laura Bliss writes about the cautious optimism that it’ll meet its goals. Plus: The latest in our Going Viral series, and a story about asylum courts you might’ve missed.
When New York Governor Kathy Hochul announced the revival of congestion pricing this month, environmentalists and transportation advocates gave a cautious cheer. At long last, the city that invented the term “gridlock” would finally get its key, with a decades-in-the-making system to toll drivers entering Manhattan below 60th Street, one of the most traffic-jammed places in the world. Hochul’s $9-a-car plan, a revision of the $15 version she halted earlier, is expected to start in January—if it can survive the legal and political minefield of the coming months.
The peril is partly of Hochul’s making. After years of vocally championing congestion pricing, she paused the plan in June, mere weeks before it was supposed to go into effect. Her concern, she said, was for working-class commuters. But the eleventh-hour decision was widely viewed as a political calculation, with Hochul’s fellow Democrats facing fierce competition in suburban House districts where congestion pricing is deeply unpopular (though not necessarily unaffordable—on average, commuters who live outside the city make close to $140,000 a year). The move outraged organizers who’d fought for the plan and left a question mark over the $15 billion it was supposed to provide for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which had earmarked the funds for badly needed public transit improvements.
After the election, in which New York Democrats recaptured three House seats, Hochul reversed course again, resurrecting the tolls and knocking down the cost to drivers by 40%. But multiple legal challenges, including one from New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy, could still block the plan—especially if courts push the start date into the administration of President-elect Donald Trump, who has promised to kill the program in his first week in office. “She’s kind of put us on the precipice,” says Charles Komanoff, a policy analyst and longtime advocate of congestion pricing who has closely studied its impacts. “We’re celebrating, but it’s like a one-handed celebration.”
Assuming it does move forward, Hochul’s revised plan would bring most of the benefits of the one she stopped, Komanoff and other supporters say. According to his analysis, charging drivers $9 (thereby discouraging some trips) would improve traffic speeds in the priced zone by roughly 5.5% in the immediate term, down from the 8.9% gain the $15 plan would’ve achieved. But Hochul’s plan doesn’t stop at $9—it would increase to $12 for cars in 2028 and $15 in 2031. Factoring in rising tolls, as well as investments in public transit, Komanoff estimates Manhattan will eventually see a 15.7% improvement in speeds. That’s what the original plan would’ve achieved, only now it will take longer. The new plan is also expected to fund $15 billion in capital improvements for the MTA, as required by state law.
That’s good news for the millions of New Yorkers who use public transit, not to mention drivers who want to save time—as well as other US cities mulling their own congestion pricing plans, waiting for New York to take the plunge. But some transportation experts worry Hochul’s flip-flopping could still hurt commuters in other ways. Delaying congestion pricing’s implementation makes the transit enhancements it’s supposed to buy more expensive simply through inflation, says Eric Goldwyn, program director at the Marron Institute of Urban Management at New York University, who studies infrastructure costs. Prices could go up further still if contractors are hesitant to bid on associated projects or place higher bids, due to the political uncertainty surrounding congestion pricing. And if Trump is able to claw back federal funds supporting the program, it’s unclear whether the MTA would still be able to cover its costs. “I don’t know how that would all work,” Goldwyn says. “One could easily concoct a scenario way more hectic than what we're talking about right now.”
02 Brief
1.The dollar fell and US government bonds rallied after Donald Trump picked Wall Street veteran Scott Bessent to run the Treasury.
2.Israel is potentially days away from a cease-fire agreement with Lebanon’s Hezbollah, the Israeli ambassador to the US said.
3.The Group of Seven is ready to step up pressure on China over its support for Russia.
03 Small Business That’s Charming TikTok
By August 2020, Tracie Campbell and Adrienne Nappi were ready to close the New York locations of their business Brooklyn Charm. After a decade of selling make-your-own beaded bracelets, necklaces and earrings for $35 to $75 on average out of a storefront in Williamsburg and a booth in Manhattan’s Chelsea Market, they came up against the Covid-19 pandemic. Foot traffic was down, and they were burnt out. They announced a closing sale on the store’s Instagram account.
Initially the sale drew about 10 people a day to their Brooklyn flagship. But after about a week, the shop was suddenly flooded with 5 to 10 times as many customers. As it turned out, Marc Sebastian, a model and stylist who counts almost 2 million followers on TikTok, had posted a video of his visit to the shop, where customers select charms that employees attach to chains. “They have every kind of bead, charm, shell, crystal etc you can think of,” he wrote in the video, which has had over 172,000 views and received nearly 50,000 likes. “If you’re in NYC, go support a small business affected by COVID!”
The financial boost from that, combined with online sales, was enough for Campbell and Nappi to get by for several months after shuttering the store’s two locations in New York. But it wouldn’t be the last time their business would benefit from an injection of internet fame.
TikTok videos saved Brooklyn Charm from going out of business. Then they created a jewelry sensation. Julia Press writes about: The Charm Bracelet Shop That Keeps Going Viral.
04 ICYMI
The US presidential election was the story that eclipsed almost everything else in November. This week we’re looking back at some of the features Businessweek published that you might’ve missed. This story, by Michael Riley, is the third in the series Courting Injustice, which reveals how US immigration courts deny many deserving asylum-seekers a fair hearing. Reform efforts around the world have shown how to make a dysfunctional system both faster and fairer.
In late summer 2022, a group of about 30 Haitians arrived at Portland International Airport with nowhere to go.
They were the first of as many as 40,000 immigrants who have come to Oregon since then, a surge so unexpected that it triggered an emergency response by the state. Officials quickly converted an old Ramada Inn near the airport into living quarters for hundreds of new arrivals. Private aid organizations chipped in with cases of soap, shampoo and deodorant.
The newcomers created a different sort of resource problem for Stephen Manning, founder of Innovation Law Lab, one of Oregon’s largest immigrant legal aid groups.
Even with 18 lawyers, the group had nowhere near enough to help the thousands of people who suddenly wanted to file for asylum. To do that, they must formally claim that they face persecution in their home countries and then support that claim in immigration court. “The actual number of immigration legal providers in Oregon who have asylum or removal-defense expertise is 98,” Manning says. “That comes down to 0.002 lawyers per person who needs one.”
So Manning’s team set up a free asylum clinic three times a week. Participants get a quick introduction to US asylum law and individual interviews to identify complicated cases. The process typically takes about five hours. Then the applicants walk their paperwork to the Edith Green-Wendell Wyatt Federal Building 10 blocks away.
The legal clinics have allowed hundreds to begin the process of starting new lives in America, but they also reflect the country’s broken immigration system. As the US has restricted almost every other legal path for coming to and staying in the country, a record number of people have turned to the remaining best option: claiming asylum, even if their cases don’t qualify or are found to be not credible.
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