彭博推送 | 当气候问题变成政治议题 By Lauren Rosenthal and Mary Hui
由 Jingyi 翻译，百度翻译助力。
01 当气候问题变成政治议题
一个和明信片大小一致的旗子放在每个参与者桌子上，红白蓝色条状巴拉圭共和国国旗，在很多缺乏光线的工作台上，在美国国家海洋大气层署，不坐落在华盛顿，但是处理的事情也很复杂。
- affixed to 附于 affixed to each forecaster's desk
- ultramarine 群青。最古老最鲜艳的蓝色颜料
- Paraguay 巴拉圭
- drab 没有光泽的，死气沉沉的。drearily dull； dull light brown color 无光泽的颜色
- NOAA 美国海洋和大气管理局 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
他们代表着一些几十个同胞，这些人将他们的科学家送到美国，让美国人训练，自从 NOAA 在 1988 年开启国际席位以来。今天，这个项目已经是关键资源，关于美国软实力的（见证），提供免费数据，以及专业知识给到一些国家，这些国家渴望高质量的预测，随着气候变化将天气带到新的极端。但是，NOAA的影响以及融资方面，是受威胁的，随着特朗普准备继续就任总统，创造了新的领衔国家的开幕式，中国。
中国方面是很清晰的，他们将气候科学视作地缘政治的战斗场地。习近平说到，他希望，中国能成为气候领域的领跑者，并引用中国经典名句“天不言而四时行，地不语而百物生。”，中国是将气候作为国家财产，来赢得世界的第二大经济体，在全球气象逻辑执政领域，是比较激进的。会议结束时候，中国表示了其在气候上的外交支出，从 2013 年到 2023 年多支出了 50%，依据中国的测试名单，提供其他国家相关财政支持，支持提升对中国技术和服务的使用。
习近平 2020 年雄心峰会上的讲话
以下是 2024 年 12 月 24 日的工作，考完试之后我补齐的。
“我们和其他国家一起看这个问题，就是经济上的竞争。”Craig McLean 说到，一位前 NOAA（美国海洋和大气管理局） 首席科学家，在特朗普和拜登政府都有工作过，说到，“如果我们选择放弃，你会失去你的竞争边界”。
中国关于气候问题的动作（角色），来源于 NOAA 开始觉得未来不确定了，特别未来仍然是特朗普政府执政的情况下。一些保守党的继承基金项目，2025 年新政的线路图，说到，NOAA 应该成为“分开管理或者减小规模”。这招致了很多公司的气候研究，变得“不被禁止”了，对于气候预测这件事，完全变得私有化。一些前官员，NOAA的，担忧一些计划，将会成为削弱公司力量的蓝图，特别是随着特朗普政府还会去打扰，专门为有影响力的内阁成员写宣言的作者，去动摇这些人的信心。
* manifesto 宣言
特朗普过渡政府的发言人说到，总统选举：“和 2025 年项目是无关的”。
预测天气是全球的努力成果，要求国家之间交换他们大量的数据，以供科学模型，这些模型能记录全球各阶段的数据。如果特朗普揭开了 NOAA 天气预测运营规则，或者停止分享有价值的天气信息，专家说到，这些损失全世界都能感受到 —— 但是，这对于发展中国家而言会成为最痛苦的，因其依赖于美国免费的工具，以及训练了十多年。
* valuable climate feeds 有价值的天气信息
针对只要有国家加入竞争是为了权利的，气候问题依然是深深地缠绕于各种军事和国家安全之间的利益。目前主要问题是，能出现另一个闪光点，在中美敌对关系中，这种敌对关系已然主宰了科技和贸易领域。最近的论文显示，中国气候办官方已经作出以下结论，全世界主要经济体之间的竞争变得更加激烈，随着气候条件变得更加“复杂和严峻”。
随着将近 200 个国家在 Azerbaijan 聚集，11 月的时候，为了召开第 29 届气候大会。中国借此机会揭示了醒目的新项目。这个项目将训练超过 2000 个手训练的会员，专门为科学家而训练的，从发展中国家挑选，然后和中国专家一起学习，帮助他们更好地预测威胁，例如热浪，洪水，干旱。
* splashy 鲜明醒目的
* splash 泼洒
中国国家气候总局领导 Chen Zhenlin，肯定了项目“授人以渔”，说到这将帮助发展中国家，同时还扩散了“中国智慧”。
一些主动权寻找建立商誉，以及“显然关于贸易和影响，以及地缘政治，是没有机会逃离的”Ben Churchill 说到，他是世界气象组织，亚洲及亚太地区办公室的总监。仍然，这是“价值投资”，即便这有一些代价，他说道，例如穷国潜在地感受到使得中国受益。
* indebt to 使得…收恩惠
02 绿色产业生产更多
北极正在加快变暖，比起其他地方，2024 年很可能是历史上最温暖的一年。一项令人担忧的新报告显示，北极冻苔，看上去像碳沉淀了千年的感觉，现在释放更多碳氧化物，比起存储起来的来说，由于野火，或者解冻永久的冻土。地区快速加热，正在创造反馈回路，这些都加强了全球变暖的效果，随着海上冰面改变，海洋温度和雨雪覆盖导致的（升温）加速。
* The Arctic 北极
* thawing permafrost 解冻永久的冻土
澳大利亚最大的、更新的，温和地选择了 19 个项目。这些项目，都由一些公司运营，包括 Neoen SA， BP Plc，以及千万富翁 Andrew Forrest 公司 Squadron Energy，包括太阳能、风能、电池项目，总和有 6.4 gigawatts。
* tender 柔软的
与可持续链接的市场，面临缓慢的失败。这些交易今年已然下降了 46%，目前也只募集了 376 亿美元，使得银行家、投资人质疑，是否存在 3190 亿美元的市场，会恢复兴趣。
* demise 失败，死亡
一些令人困惑的食物标签，来识别浪费食物。美国联邦的代理商，在请求一些食物行业的信息，关于如何训练贴标签，以及所要一些研究，关于消费者如何意识到日期标签。这项努力的第一步非常关键，基于目前可能的规则，这可以节省食物，使得食物没必要被浪费。
03 值得一听
GE 官方成立在 1892 年，当时有几个投资人，包括托马斯爱迪生风险资本，合并为一家公司。那时候起，就已经是庞然大物了。但是，尽管已经改变，去年开启的分手，也就是 GE 官宣其和另外三家公司分开运转。Scott Strazik 是 GE Vernova CEO，关注风力涡轮，核能源，以及碳捕捉，以及电网方案，例如软件、电池。Strazik 加入了 Zero，讨论如何让这家公司进入“早期的、超级周期的布局”，以及这如何克服困难，在离岸风能市场。
* behemoth 庞然大物
* innings 局
01 When Weather Gets Political
By Lauren Rosenthal and Mary Hui
Postcard-sized country flags affixed to each forecaster’s desk — ultramarine and gold for Barbados, the red-white-and-blue bars of Paraguay — stand out among the drab workstations at a US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration complex outside Washington, DC.
They represent just some of the dozens of nations that have sent their scientists to be trained by US experts since NOAA started its International Desks in 1988. Today, the program is a crucial source of American soft power, providing free data and expertise to countries desperate for high-quality forecasts as climate change brings the weather to new extremes. But NOAA’s influence and funding are under threat as Donald Trump prepares to return to office, creating an opening for a new global leader: China.
Beijing is clear it sees climate science as a geopolitical battleground. President Xi Jinping has said he wants China to become a “weather superpower,” and made it a national priority to win the world’s second-largest economy a bigger say in global meteorological governance. To that end, the country boosted spending on climate diplomacy by nearly 500% from 2013 to 2023, following a tried-and-tested playbook of offering other nations financial help and support to boost usage of Chinese technology and services.
“We can see with other nations that it’s an economic competition,” says Craig McLean, a former acting NOAA chief scientist who served in the Trump and Biden administrations. “If we choose to give that up,” he says, “you’re going to lose your competitive edge.”
China’s play for weather dominance comes as NOAA faces an uncertain future under the incoming Trump administration. The conservative Heritage Foundation’s Project 2025 policy roadmap says NOAA should be “broken up and downsized.” It calls for much of the agency’s climate research to be “disbanded” and for weather forecasting to be completely privatized. Some former NOAA officials worry those plans will be a blueprint for weakening the agency, especially as Trump taps authors of the manifesto for influential cabinet roles.
A spokesperson for Trump’s transition team said the president-elect “had nothing to do with Project 2025.”
Predicting the weather is a global endeavor, requiring nations to exchange vast amounts of data to feed scientific models that span the planet. If Trump dismantles NOAA’s weather forecasting operations or stops sharing valuable climate feeds, experts say the loss would be felt around the world — but it would be most painful for developing countries that have relied on free US tools and training for decades.
For as long as countries have competed for power, the weather has been deeply intertwined with military and national security interests. It’s now primed to emerge as another flashpoint in the US-China rivalry that already dominates technology and trade. In recent essays, officials at the China Meteorological Administration have concluded that competition between the world’s major powers is getting fiercer as climate conditions become more “complex and severe.”
As nearly 200 countries gathered in Azerbaijan in November for the COP29 climate summit, China took the opportunity to unveil a splashy new project. It will offer more than 2,000 training fellowships to scientists from developing countries to study with Chinese experts, to help them better predict threats such as heat waves, floods and droughts.
The head of China’s state weather agency, Chen Zhenlin, likened the program to “teaching people to fish,” saying it would help developing nations while also spreading “Chinese wisdom.”
The initiative seeks to build goodwill and is “obviously about trade and influence and geopolitics, there’s no escaping that,” says Ben Churchill, director of the World Meteorological Organization’s regional office for Asia and the South-West Pacific. Still, it’s a “valuable investment” even if it comes with tradeoffs, he says, such as poor countries potentially feeling indebted to China.
02 More from Green
The Arctic is warming at a faster rate than the rest of the planet, with 2024 likely to be the warmest year on record. A worrying new report also finds that the Arctic tundra, which has acted as a carbon sink for thousands of years, is now releasing more carbon dioxide than it stores due to wildfires and thawing permafrost. The rapid heating of the region is creating feedback loops that amplify the effects of global warming, with changes to sea ice, ocean temperatures and snow cover contributing to the acceleration. Read the full details on Bloomberg.com.
Australia’s biggest renewables tender picks 19 projects. The projects — operated by companies including Neoen SA, BP Plc and billionaire Andrew Forrest’s Squadron Energy — include solar, wind and battery projects totaling 6.4 gigawatts.
The sustainability-linked bond market faces a slow demise. Deals have decreased by 46% this year, with only $37.6 billion raised so far, prompting bankers and investors to question whether the $319 billion market will ever regain favor.
Confusing food labels are adding to waste. Federal agencies in the US are requesting information from the food industry on labeling practices and research on how consumers perceive date labels. The effort is a crucial first step toward possible regulation, which could save food from being unnecessarily trashed.
03 Worth a Listen
General Electric Co was officially founded in 1892, when several of inventor Thomas Edison's ventures were consolidated into one company. From then on, it was a behemoth. But now that’s changed: A break-up that began last year has concluded with GE splitting off into three separate companies. Scott Strazik is the CEO of GE Vernova, which focuses on wind turbines, nuclear power, and carbon capture, as well as grid solutions such as software and batteries. Strazik joins Zero to talk about how the company is in the “early innings of an investment super cycle,” and how it intends to overcome difficulties in offshore wind. Listen now, and subscribe on Apple, Spotify, or YouTube to get new episodes of Zero every Thursday.
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